PARENTING, CARE, FAMILY

Parenting refers to the processes that promote and support the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.The most common caretaker in parenting is the father or mother, or both, the child's biological parent(s) in question. However, a surrogate may be an older sibling, a step-parent, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle, or other family members, or a family friend. Governments and society also have some role in child-rearing. In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent or non-blood relations. Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage. Parenting skills vary, and a parent or surrogate with good parenting skills is generally seen to be a good parent. Parenting styles vary by historical period, race/ethnicity, social class, preference, and other social features. Additionally, research supports that parental history, both in terms of attachments of varying quality and parental psychopathology, particularly in the wake of adverse experiences, can strongly influence parental sensitivity and child outcomes.Types of Parenting techniques are: 1. Authoritarian Parenting - Authoritarian parents are famous for saying, "Because I said so," when a child questions the reasons behind a rule. They are not interested in negotiating and their focus is on compliance/obedience. They make the rules and enforce the consequences with little regard for a child's opinion. Psychologists observe that children who grow up with strict authoritarian parents tend to follow rules much of the time – but, their obedience comes at a price. They may also become hostile or aggressive. Rather than think about how to do things better in the future, they often focus on the anger they feel toward their parents. Since authoritarian parents are often strict, their children may grow to become good liars in an effort to avoid punishment. 2. Authoritative Parenting: Authoritative parents invest time and energy into preventing behavior problems before they start. They also use positive discipline strategies to reinforce good behavior, like praise and reward systems. Psychologists observe that children raised with authoritative discipline tend to be happy and successful. They're also more likely to be good at making decisions and evaluating safety risks on their own. 3. Permissive Parenting: Permissive parents usually take on more of a friend role than a parent role. They often encourage their children to talk with them about their problems, but they usually don't put much effort into discouraging poor choices or bad behavior. They may exhibit more behavioral problems as they don't appreciate authority and rules. They often have low self-esteem and may report a lot of sadness. They're also at a higher risk for health problems, like obesity, because permissive parents struggle to limit junk food intake. 4. Uninvolved Parenting: Uninvolved parents expect children to raise themselves. They don't devote much time or energy into meeting children's basic needs. Uninvolved parents may be neglectful but it's not always intentional. A parent with mental health issues or substance abuse problems, for example, may not be able to care for a child's physical or emotional needs on a consistent basis. They tend to perform poorly in school. They also exhibit frequent behavior problems and rank low in happiness. Kids start developing their sense of self as babies when they see themselves through their parents' eyes. Good parenting principles underline that praising accomplishments, however small, will make kids feel proud; letting kids do things independently will make them feel capable and strong. By contrast, belittling comments or comparing a child unfavourably with another will make kids feel worthless. Making a point of finding something to praise every day, being generous with rewards — love, hugs, and compliments can work wonders and are often reward enough.Family can be defined differently depending on the cultural milieu. Families differ in terms of economic, cultural, social, and many other facets, but what every family has in common is that the people who call it a family are making clear that those people are important in some way to the person calling them their family. Elderly care is the fulfillment of the special needs and requirements that are unique to senior citizens. This broad term encompasses such services as assisted living, adult daycare, long-term care, nursing homes (often called residential care), hospice care, and home care. Elderly care emphasizes the social and personal requirements of senior citizens who wish to age with dignity while needing assistance with daily activities and healthcare. It is an important distinction, in that the design of housing, services, activities, employee training and such are expected to be truly customer-centered. Sources- Various, Britannica, Wikipedia …

PARENTING, CARE, FAMILY

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Sector: PARENTING, CARE, FAMILY 19, Apr, 2023   JYOTI

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Sector: PARENTING, CARE, FAMILY 05, Oct, 2021   JYOTI

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Sector: PARENTING, CARE, FAMILY 05, Oct, 2021   JYOTI

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